Mastermind

Synopsis

Considered by many to be "the ultimate test of memory and knowledge", Mastermind is a simple quiz. However, at times it can prove quite fascinating.

Originally set in the chapel of a college or hall, nowadays a studio in sunny Manchester, John (originally Magnus) puts four contestants through their paces. Each contestant has previously submitted a specialist subject, which can be anything you like as long as the subject is deep enough. These are judiciously researched beforehand.

The seating arrangements

In Round One, each contestant goes up to the famous black chair (pictured) one by one, and is asked "Name?", "Occupation?" and "Specialised subject?" The contestant is then subjected to two minutes of quick-fire questions about their subject. (Contestants can pass if they wish, although in the event of a tie these are taken into account.) At the end of the two minutes, a buzzer is sounded and, if John is in the middle of a question, he uses one of television's most famous catchphrases, originally used by Magnus: "I've started so I'll finish". (Though unlike Magnus, he does not follow this up with "And you may answer".)

And now, general knowledge

After each of the four contestants have had their go, the scores are read out in reverse order. Round Two is played similarly to Round One, but this time the subject is always general knowledge, and contestants play in the order of position, the person with the least points going first.

After that, the scores are read out again and the winner declared. (If there is a tie on points, the player with the "fewer or fewest" passes is declared the winner; if there is still a tie after passes are taken into consideration - a very rare occurence - then there is a "sudden death" tiebreaker in which both players separately face the same five questions and whoever gets the most right, wins.) The winner goes through to the semi-finals, the four (later six) winners of them going through to the final for the chance to win the engraved punchbowl which signifies the title of Mastermind champion.

And that's it. Bells? Whistles? Not one (with the possible exception of the intriguing black chair). And it doesn't need it for Mastermind, despite being simple, has become something of a national institution.

The end... not quite

The very last programme (at least, that's what it seemed at the time) was in 1997, where the programme went for the ego-trip of a lifetime to the remote Scottish island of Orkney to film in St. Magnus (geddit?), an 860 year old cathedral. Anne Ashurst, a novelist for Mills and Boon, was crowned the 'last ever' champion, and Magnus Magnusson got to keep the black chair, as was only right.

But it wasn't quite the end. Peter Snow hosted a version on BBC Radio 4 (although the impact of the chair was a bit less...) and what felt like a slightly dumbed-down version ran for a year on the Discovery Channel, with a redeeming feature being a separate final for interactive play-along viewers.

And that really did seem to be it until a celebrity special aired in 2002...followed by the show itself returning the next year! Everything's remained pretty much the same, including the theme tune and chair (a replica of the original) though there is a bit more interaction between new host John Humphrys and contestant. Some believe the show has been 'dumbed down' seeing as more people are choosing subjects such as Doctor Who rather than The Crimean War, but it's good to see the show back again on the BBC. There's even been a regular kids' series, and a Welsh-language version for S4C.

Key moments

The final of each series attracts a lot of attention, the most famous winner being Fred Housego, a London taxicab driver. Mr Housego was the first of three drivers to win the series, since Christopher Hughes, a London Underground train driver, won it in 1983 and Ian Meadows, a hospital driver, did so in 1985.

Catchphrases

"I've started so I'll finish."

"May I have our first contender, please?"

"And at the end of a close competition, let's glance at the scores."

"So on now to the second round, the general knowledge round - and remember, if there is a tie at the end of this round, then the number of passes will be taken into consideration, and the contender with the fewer or fewest passes will be declared the winner. And if there is still a tie on passes, then there will be a sudden death play-off" (or "shoot-out", as John Humphrys usually puts it).

(Magnusson-era): "...and you may answer". Also: "Our thanks and commiserations to our three gallant runners-up!"

Magnus Magnusson normally signed off with, "All that it remains for me to do now is to thank the authorities here at (wherever) for all their great kindness and hospitality to us. Next week, we shall be at (wherever else). Until then, from 'Mastermind' in (wherever), it's goodbye!" John Humphrys signs off more simply, but equally effectively, with, "Do join us next time for more 'Mastermind'. Thank you for watching - goodbye!"

Inventor

The idea for the show comes from the experiences of the producer (Bill Wright) when he was a Prisoner of War during WWII. He was often asked for his "Name", "Rank" and "Number" (the only information he was obliged to give under the Geneva Convention). He decided to change this to "Name", "Occupation" and "Specialised Subject". Note the dark mise-en-scene, which is meant to give a sort of individualised, cross-examination feel. In the early days, this theme was even carried through to the on-screen credit for Magnus Magnusson, who was described not as "questionmaster" or something fluffy like that, but as "Interrogator".

Theme music

The theme tune is called Approaching Menace by Neil Richardson (who, incidentally, co-composed and conducted the score for the film Four Weddings and a Funeral).

Scoring records

Low scores:

• The famous Arfor Wyn Hughes is not, and never was, Mastermind's lowest scorer - he scored 12. The lowest score record for the regular (non-celebrity) series is 7 points, set by Colin Kidd in the 2005 series. He scored 4 on the history of the World Chess Championships and 3 on general knowledge.
• A year earlier, Gill Perry scored 8 points, 4 on her specialist subject (Babylon 5, series 1 & 2) and 4 on general knowledge.
• Previously, scores of 9 points were 'achieved' by Armando Margiotta, Sally Copeland and a community worker from Warwickshire who wishes to remain anonymous. 9 points have also been scored by Michael Kane in the 2004 final, and in 2006 by Steve Bolsover in the first round and Simon Curtis (who fell into "pass hell" and scored just one point on his specialist subject, the films of Jim Carrey) in the second. Mr Curtis was not the first contestant to score only one point on a specialist subject, however - Arabella Weir had also done so in a 2004 celebrity special, her subject having been 'Dallas' (the television series).
• The lowest-ever score on the programme was achieved by both Arabella Weir and Tara Palmer-Tompkinson in the above-mentioned 2004 celebrity special: 6 points. Only the previous week, Murray Walker had scored 7 points, despite the fact that his specialist subject was 'Formula One'.

High scores:

• The highest score was 41, set by Kevin Ashman in 1995. Jennifer Keaveney, Mary Elizabeth Raw and Anne Ashurst all scored 40.

Other:

• In a 2005 celebrity special, former Popstars winner Myleene Klass may have set a record for the most asynchronous performance - scoring 17 points from 18 questions about Sex & The City series 3, but only answering one question right in the general knowledge round.

Trivia

Over 57,000 questions were asked over the course of the original series.

In 1979 Magnus hosted a special Mastermind International programme involving quiz show winners from around the world (including UK Mastermind champions David Hunt and Rosemary James), which was won by the Irish contender John Mulcahy. Following this, International Mastermind (hosted by Huw Evans) ran for five series from 1979-83.

The last ever question asked on the Magnus version of the programme was virtually the same as the first one asked back in 1972 (concerning Picasso's Guernica). This was plotted beforehand as an in-joke to be played only if the scores did not depend on it.

One quirk of the show is that participants are always referred to as "contenders", never "contestants".

The 1994 champion George Davidson received his prize from none other than Bamber Gascoigne. It is surely no coincidence that this final went out just a month before the BBC revival of University Challenge began.

The rules were changed in 1995 to allow previous contenders, except finalists, to return. This has since been changed again to allow defeated finalists another go as well. Isabelle Heward has been a contender four times (1983, 1996, 2003, 2005) and reached the semi-finals on each of her last three entries. All of her specialist subjects have been related to the cinema. Geoff Thomas won the title at his fourth attempt: he was knocked out in the first round in 1994, a semi-finalist in 2001's one-off Discovery Mastermind series, runner-up in 2003 and finally champion in 2006.

There was no regular series in 1982; instead previous winners were invited back for a Mastermind Champions contest aired over three consecutive nights, which was won by David Hunt (specialist subject: Alexander the Great).

There was a one-off Eurovision-themed edition in 1994, and a Doctor Who special in 2005.

1990 champion David Edwards subsequently scooped the top prize on Who Wants to be a Millionaire?, while Millionaire winner Pat Gibson completed "the double" the other way around in 2005 (and made it a treble by going on to win Brain of Britain as well). There was also a victory for 1995 champion Kevin Ashman at Torquay in the live, touring stage version of WWTBAM.

In the Magnus Magnusson years, the questions and responses were carefully measured to give an optimum 20 questions per two-minute round. Each contestant's general knowledge round included one question about their home region, history, geography, literature, and science.

In 1987, married couple Paul and Christine Hancock competed in the same edition of the show. Both scored 34 correct answers and two passes; Mr. Hancock won the play-off by one question.

A panel of clergy contested a heat at Norwich Cathedral in 1996.

Magnus Magnusson on one of Esther Rantzen's chat shows revealed that Mastermind's success was due in part to TV campaigner Mary Whitehouse. Mastermind was originally intentioned as a quiz for "insomniac academics" and shown in an appropriately late-night slot (with a daytime repeat later in the week, around 3pm). In 1973 the BBC were showing a sitcom called Casanova '73, written by Galton & Simpson and starring Leslie Phillips in full-on "hellllo laydees" mode. It wasn't exactly The Borgias, but nevertheless Whitehouse cast a glance at the BBC and they moved it to late night, leaving a gap for Mastermind to fill in the interim. And the rest, as they say, is history. So there we are.

Champions

Winners are listed with their specialist subjects. Before 1992, contenders could revert to their original subject for the final if they so wished. Discovery Mastermind, Junior Mastermind and Mastermind Cymru did not have a semi-final phase.

Regular series
Year	Name	Heat	Semi-final	Final
1972	Nancy Wilkinson	French Literature	European antiques	History of music 1550-1900
1973	Patricia Owen	Grand Opera	Byzantine art	Grand Opera
1974	Elizabeth Horrocks	Shakespeare's plays	Works of JRR Tolkein	Works of Dorothy L Sayers
1975	John Hart	Athens 500-400 BC	Rome 100-1 BC	Athens 500-400 BC
1976	Roger Prichard	Duke of Wellington	20th Century British warships	Duke of Wellington
1977	Sir David Hunt	WW2 British campaigns in N.Africa	WW2 Allied campaign in Italy	Roman Revolution 60-14 BC
1978	Rosemary James	Roman & Greek mythology	Works of Frederick Wolfe	Roman & Greek mythology
1979	Philip Jenkins	Christianity 30-150 AD	Vikings in Scotland & Ireland 800-1150 AD	History of Wales 400-1100 AD
1980	Fred Housego	King Henry II	Westminster Abbey	The Tower of London
1981	Leslie Grout	St George's Chapel Windsor	Burial Grounds of London	St George's Chapel Windsor
1983	Christopher Hughes	British Steam Locomotives 1900-63	The Flashman novels	British Steam Locomotives 1900-63
1984	Margaret Harris	Cecil Rhodes	Postal history of Southern Africa	Cecil Rhodes
1985	Ian Meadows	English Civil War	History of Astronomy to 1700	English Civil War
1986	Jennifer Keaveney	Elizabeth Gaskell	E. Nesbitt	Elizabeth Gaskell
1987	Jeremy Bradbrooke	Franco-Prussian War	Anglo-American War 1812-15	Crimean War
1988	David Beamish	Nancy Astor	British Royal Family 1714-1910	Nancy Astor
1989	Mary Elizabeth Raw	Charles I	Prince Albert	Charles I
1990	David Edwards	Michael Faraday	Benjamin Thompson, Count Romford	James Clerk Maxwell
1991	Stephen Allen	Henry VII	Dartmoor & its environs	Sir Francis Drake
1992	Steve Williams	Surrealist art 1918-1939	Peter the Great	Post-Socratic Philosophy
1993	Gavin Fuller	Doctor Who	The Medieval Castle in the British Isles	The Crusades
1994	Dr George Davidson	English coinage 1066-1662	History of Chemistry 1500-1870	John Dalton
1995	Kevin Ashman	Martin Luther King	History of the Western film	The Zulu War
1996	Richard Sturch	Charles Williams	Emperor Frederick III	Operas of Gilbert and Sullivan
1997	Anne Ashurst	Frances Howard, Countess of Somerset	Regency Novels of Georgette Heyer	Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland
Radio 4 version
1998	Robert Gibson	The Solar System	Charles II	Robert The Bruce
1999	Christopher Carter	Birds of Europe	The House of Tudor	British customs and traditions
2000	Stephen Follows	Benjamin Britten	T.S. Eliot	Leos Janacek
Discovery Mastermind
2001	Michael Penrice	Professional Boxing to 1980	(no semi-final)	English History 1603-1714
BBC Revival
2003	Andy Page	The Academy Awards	Gilbert and Sullivan	Golfing majors since 1970
2004	Shaun Wallace	European Champions League Finals since 1970	English football team at the European Championships since 1960	FA Cup finals since 1970
2005	Patrick Gibson	The films of Quentin Tarantino	The Culture novels of Iain M. Banks	Father Ted
2006	Geoff Thomas	Edith Piaf	William Joyce	Margaret Mitchell
Junior Mastermind
2004	Daniel Parker	Volkswagen Beetle	(no semi-final)	James Bond villains
2005	Robin Geddes	The Vicar of Dibley	(no semi-final)	A Series of Unfortunate Events
2006	Domhnall Ryan	The Spitfire	(no semi-final)	Animals of the African plains
2007	Robert Stutter	Madame Tussaud	(no semi-final)	Tintin
Mastermind Cymru
2006	Emyr Rhys Jones	The Simpsons	(no semi-final)	The Eurovision Song Contest to 1990

Celebrity Mastermind

The following have won their respective show, which is not in a tournament format:

Jonathan Meades
Shaun Williamson
Bill Oddie
Stephen Fry
Edwina Currie
Matt Allwright
Steve Rider
Hugh Quarshie
Tom Ward
Jeremy Beadle
Monty Don
Graham Le Saux
Paul Ross
Iain Banks
Steven Pinder
Edward Stourton
Todd Carty
Iain Lee
Dave Spikey

Merchandise

I've Started So I'll Finish - The Story of Mastermind by Magnus Magnusson (ISBN: 0-316-64132-4) is an exhaustive account of the programme, by the person who knew it best.

Mastermind CD-ROM game for Windows 95/98

See also

Masterbrain

Supermind

Past specialised subjects

Web links

Mastermind Contestants

Off the Telly review

Wikipedia entry

BBC: Junior Mastermind 2005 press release and 5min showreel

BBC: Junior Mastermind 2004 showreel (Real Media)

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